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The N h -Working Party a Group in Commission III of URS. URS. Information Bulletin No. 112 p. 12 suggested these calculations of ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices n vertical group refractive indices c U and virtual o x o x 1 heights h f for an Ep... Lees meer.

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Recent studies have shown that earthquake-associated total electron content TEC anomalies are detectable using principal component analysis PCA regardless of other possible causes of TEC disturbance such as TEC long term variance solar flare and geomagnetic storm a... Lees meer.

The present study is helpful to understand and predict the behaviour of the ionospheric region that will affect a given radio communication circuit. The effect of ionospheric parameter variation over the low latitudinal ionosphere has great importance due to its unique... Lees meer.

The Dynamical Ionosphere. A Systems Approach to Ionospheric Irregularity examines the Earth s ionosphere as a dynamical system with signatures of complexity. The system is robust in its overall configuration with smooth space-time patterns of daily seasonal and Solar... Lees meer.

An analytical study for the behavior of ionospheric parameters MUF FOT has been made between the capital Baghdad transmitter station and many communication points receiver stations which are located on different directions over Middle East region. The analytical... Lees meer.

During the past few decades various investigations on nonlinear heating of the auroral region of the ionosphere and problems related to lower ionosphere are resulted in opening up a new dimension towards the study of various physical processes and also on the character... Lees meer.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of NASA s ICON space mission. Written before ICON s launch the papers contain the most complete description of the ICON flight instruments and preflight operation plans. In addition to the technology and engineering the vol... Lees meer.

Ionosphere is the important subject of extensive study in order to have better signals to be received in the communication process which is inevitable for mankind now a day. Ionospheric parameters strongly dependent on the solar conditions and on the complex behavior of... Lees meer.

Principal component analysis PCA and nonlinear principal component analysis NLPCA are used to detect ionospheric anomalies. The ionospheric anomalies related to Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010 are researched by PCA in Chapter 1. The ionospheric anomalies related... Lees meer.

The investigation of whistlers and related phenomena is a key element in studies of very-low-frequency propagation satellite communication the outer ionosphere and solar-terrestrial relationships. This comprehensive text presents a history of the study of the phenome... Lees meer.

The ionosphere of the Earth has been actively studied since the 1920 s following the discovery of ground radio-sounding. By means of this method results were ohtained by an international network of ionospheric stations in particular by the successful implementation o... Lees meer.

This book describes essential concepts of and the status quo in the field of ionospheric space weather. It explains why our society on planet Earth and moving outwards into space cannot work safely function efficiently or progress steadily without committed and comp... Lees meer.

This book presents the study of relationship between the Total Electron Content TEC derived from a Global Positioning System GPS receiver and the critical frequency of the F2-layer of the ionosphere in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly EIA region. A practical prob... Lees meer.